                   .

                             1.
     ᫨  㤥 ⠢  A  ᥤ      ࠢ,
  A   ன      ୥  ᢮ ,
 ,  ஭   - ,  ࠭ 뫮 A1
⠭ B1,  .
     ० .  砭  ᫥,    -
,    ஭     ᠭ -
  ᥫ, 室  ஭ . 冷稢 -
 ⮩ ஭   뢠, ᫨   㣮 ஭ -
 ந  뢠,   ⮬ ᫥  -
 ஭    ॢ蠥  ࢮ    ன ஭,  
⠢  襭,  㯮冷祭 .

                             2.
     ᭮ ⥣ 襭 砥  ⮬,   ᫥-
騩      訬 ⥪騬 ᮬ.   ⮬ 
     ᨬ쭮 .  , 
⮣  筮,  ⮡ ࠭஢ ࠢ쭮 襭 .
 砭 ।   砬  2 樨:
   1.      ,    ⠫  -
        ࢮ .  ⭮,    ⮬ 砥  
      ॡ㥬  ࠧ ࠧ ,  ᫥⥫쭮 襭 
      .
   2. 砩 1.  ७.   ᫥騥 樨.
     )      .   ⮬ 砥 ᭮, 
          ⫨    祬   ࢮ ,
      ᫨  ࢮ  ,    祬  ᫥
      ,     .      砥
      ॡ㥬 ᫮ 믮.
     )      㣨 .  ᭮,  
       ⫨   祬    ᠬ  殮  ,
      ஬  ࢮ. ⥫쭮   ⮬ 砥 ᫮ 
      믮.

                             3.
       砫쭮  ⠯     ᠬ 殮 -
,     -  ᫥   .    ⠢
 ॠ ᠭ   2 ⥣.

                            4, 5.
       ⮨  ᫥饬.   蠣 室 祫-
 , 騩 襥 ᫮  ॠ . ⥬
室  ,   묨 祫    ᮡࠥ  ॠ
⢠.  㤭 ,         
訬 ᫮ ॠ , ⠪  ⠪ -
  ᯥ稢    蠣 ᨬ쭮  ⢮
  ॠ묨  ⢠.   ॠ  
        ࠭    쭥襣
 ᪫砥.   ⮬ ᫮ ॠ   
     㬥蠥  1.   த  
,    ⢠   ॠ,   ⠪
祫 ,  ஬  墠   ॠ樨  ॠ-
 .   ᫥ 砥    襭. 
᪠  祫        ॠ樨  筮
 ࠧ 㯮冷稢 祭 ॠ    -
浪  ⠭,  ࠭    ⮬  ଠ    ""
(室 ) 祫.

                             6.
       ஢  ᨢ -  A,   B (ਬ,
 뢠),  ,  ᫨   ᨢ A    B
ᮢ,  饬   A,    B  , 訥
,  塞 ࠢ; ᫨    ᮢ,
     ᨢ 㦥 稫,   㣮  ,  
ᨢ  宦.
     { A  B 㦥 ஢ }
     i:=1; j:=1;    { ᬮਬ ᨢ A  B, 稭   }
                    { ⮢ }
     while (i<=10) and (j<=15) and (A[i]=B[j]) do
     begin
       element:=A[i];
       while (i<=10) and (A[i]=element) do
         i:=i+1;    {  ᮢ饣  }
       while (j<=15) and (B[j]=element) do
         j:=j+1;    {  ᮢ饣  }
     end;
     if (i=11) and (j=16)   { ᬮ५   A  B }
     then writeln('ᨢ 宦')
     else writeln('ᨢ 宦');

                             7.
      ᫮ ਯ뢠    ᫮. 砫 -
㥬  㪢   ᫮  (ਬ) 뢠.  砥 -
- "",   ᮢ   ᫮-ࠬ  (ਬ,
᫮ ''  '' ८ࠧ       '').
       㥬  ᫮ (ᮢ⭮  ਯᠭ묨 -
ࠬ)    뢠.        ࠧ 
஢  ᫥⥫쭮  ᫮       㣮.   
ᬠਢ 祭 ᫥⥫쭮, 饬 ᮢ騥 -
   ਯᠭ  ࠬ 室   ᫮  ᮮ⢥騥
᫮-ࠬ.
     
                              8.
       㪢  ⤥ '௠',    㤥
'᪫뢠' 㪢.    ᤥ,  ᯮ ᨢ   255
⮢.    ⮬  '௠',  ᮮ⢥饣 ன
㪢, ।  㪢 (⭮,   㪢 -
   ᫮, ᮤঠ騬 8  - 뢠 -
⠬;  ᪠  㪢 ।      㭪樨
ord).   ᬮ  ⠥,  ᪮쪮 ࠧ 砫
 㪢.    ᫥騬 ࠧ.     㪢
ᮤন  ᮮ⢥饣   ᨢ 㢥稢  1.
  ⮬  砫쭮  ᮤন  ⮢  ᨢ  -  0.  ᫥
ᬮ  㪢         । ⢮
ᮮ⢥ 㪢,    ⢮ ,  -
 ᮮ⢥ 㪢 (   ⢥  -
 ࠧ!).  ᯮ  ࠧ ᨢ   255 -
⮢  (    㦭,  ⠪  ᪮ ᫮   ᫮ 
ॢ蠥 ᫠ 㪢) ⠥ ⢮ ,   .. 
ᨢ .  ᨬ쭮 祭  ,  ண =[] 
㤥 襭 ⠢ .

                             9.
     㤥 ஢ 訢  N १.
     筮 ஢ १  浪 뢠 न-
  殢. ᫥ ⮣ ⢫ ⮩ ᬮ 㯮-
冷祭 १   ᫥  権:
     1. ᫨ ⥪騩 १ ᥪ  訢 १
      (  न   ࠢ  訢
      १),     ࠢ 殬 訢 ᥩ -
      १ ⠭  ࠢ  殢 訢  -
      饣 १.
     2. ᫨ ⥪騩 १  ᥪ   訢  -
      १,  ᪠ ।饣 १ 祭,  
      㬬   㦥 襭 ,   訢
      १ ⠭ ⥪騩 १.
      த   ,       ᬮ७
  १.  ᫥  ⮣   ᫥ 襭 १
㬬   ࠭ 襭 .

                             10.
     ᭮   ⮨    ᯮ짮 樨 㬭
 ᥫ.   ,   ᫨ ᫠ ࠫ,   
   ᮤঠ ᨬ쭮  쭮 ᫠.  㦤
⠪ ࠧ  ⠢ ᥫ, 室  ⮬ .
冷稢  ᫠   浪 뢠.    ⠢
ࢮ  ᫥, ஥  ।᫥  ..  
, ᫨ ᫠ 楫.  ⮬ 砥   ਠ:
     1. ந ࠢ 0.   ⮬ 砥     N
㫥 ⮢. ⮬   ࣠   -
    㫥    㫥 ⮢.
     2. ந ⥫쭮.  ⮬ 砥 ६ -
⥫  ⥫묨,  ⥫  ⥫묨, 
ࠢ    砥  ࠫ묨 ᫠.
     3. ந ⥫쭮.  ⮬ 砥 ६ -
쭮 ⥫쭮 ᫮   ⥫  ..
      । 権 筮  ⢮ -
,  ⥫  ⥫ ⮢.
     ᫨  㫥 ,     ⮫쪮  ਠ  1.
᫨  ⢮  ⥫  ࠢ  ⥫,
  ⮫쪮 ਠ 2.  㣨    2
 3.
      ।  ந ᬮਬ ⢥ ᥫ:
ᨬ ⥫  (  a),   ⥫
(b),  ⥫(c), ᨬ ⥫ (d).
⭮,    襭      ⮫쪮   (a,b),(c,d) 
(a,d),(b,c).  ᫨ a  ࠢ -c,      ⮬ a  
 訩    ⮢ c,  d, ᫨ a>-c  . 
砥,  ᫨ a=-c  b=-d,  ⢥ઠ    ଠ樨
   ந,  ⮬  ३  ᫥饩 ⢥થ
ᥫ  ..    㤥 ⠭  ந.  ᫨ 
ᬮ७  ᫠,     ⠭,     
, ⠪  .

                             11.
     ⮡ 㬬  ந    뫠 ᨬ쭠 (쭠)
室 㯮冷  A  B  (ࠧ) ࠧ
    ⠢  騥    
㯮冷祭 .   ᫥  ⮣ 䠪,   ᫨ <b 
c<d, *+*d>=a*d+b*c.

                             12.
     㤥 ।⠢ 饭 㧥 ⥫   १
[६_室_⥫, ६_室_⥫].      
⢮ 祪, ਭ ᨬ쭮  १ ( 
 ⠢    ஬⮪ (஬⪨) ६,   祭
ண  㧥 ६ 室 ᨬ쭮 ᫮  -
⥫.
     ᬮਬ - ⠪ ஬⮪.   栬,  -
,   楢 窨 -  १.   襭
 8 (⮬  )  ६   ࠭  ⢮
१, ᥪ  ⥪饩 楢 窥. 砫  -
 Cmax - ᨬ 稭 ६  C,  ⥬  ।,
 ஬⪠  ᮮ⢥ ᨬ쭮 ⢮ -
  㧥:
   {  ᨢ A .   8 (⮬  ) }
   { 室 Cmax }
    i:=1; Cmax:=0;
     (i<=2*N) 
    
         ᫨ A[2,i]>0
          C:=C+1;
            Cmax:=max(Cmax, C);
            _
          C:=C-1;
               _
         i:=i+1;
    _
    ᫨ max=0,
      ⥫  뫮 . ⮯.
   { 饬  ⠥ ஬⪨  ᨬ ᫮ ⥫ }
    i:=1;
     (i<=2*N) 
    
         ᫨ A[2,i]>0
          C:=C+1;
            ᫨ =   {  砫 ᪮ ஬⪠? }
             ⠥ न 砫 ஬⪠ A[1,i]
            _
         _
         
            ᫨ =   { ஬⮪ 稫 }
             ⠥ न  ஬⪠ A[1,i]
            _
            C:=C-1;
         _
         i:=i+1;
    _

                             13.
     ।,  ।  ᥫ   (砩 ᮢ-
  ᥫ  ᬠਢ  筮).   쭥襬 㤥
  ࠢ 窮 ':'. ਬ, 5:3 砥,
  ࠢ ⮥   ᫠.   5<3 砥,  
⮥ ᫮  쥣.
     砫 믮 ᫥騥 樨 1:2,3:4.   -
 ७㬥஢뢠 ᫠,  砥,   1<2, 3<4. 
 1:3.     室 ७㬥஢뢠 ᫠,
砥 1<3.
     믮塞 3:5. 砨:
     a) 3>5.  ⮣  த 権 ࠢ
:         1<2
               1<3<4
               5<3.
              2:3
                Ŀ
               2>3                          2<3
                                            
         2:4                          5:2
  Ŀ           Ŀ
         2>4              2<4         5>2         5<2
                                                
쬮  1:5              1:5      1<2<5<3<4      1:5
ࠢ                                  Ŀ
     Ŀ        Ŀ         1>5         1<5
    1>5       1<5      1>5       1<5                    
                                     5<1<2<3<4   1<5<2<3<4
 5<1<3<4<2         5<1<3<2<4     
⮣:      1<5<3<4<2          1<5<3<4<2

     ) 3<5.
     ࠢ 4  5.
      4<5. 
     1<2
     1<3<4<5.
     믮塞 2:4.    ᨬ  १   2:3,
 2:5.
     ⠢訥 ਠ ᬠਢ 筮.

                             14.
     䨪㥬 -  冷 ᫥ ॡ ࠫ-
.
     祢,  ࠫ   ⠪, ⮡ ࠧ-
 ॡ ࠫ 諨  뢠饬 浪.   -
⭮,    ࠫ  訬 ꥬ    -
ࠫ  訬 ꥬ,   ࠫ  B    C
 ⮫쪮 ⮣,    ࠫ B(b(1), ...,
b(n))  C(c(1), ..., c(n)) 믮 ࠢ⢠ b(k)<=c(k), k=1,
..., n. 襬  ⠪:
     (b(1), ..., b(n))<=(c(1), ..., c(n)).
     :
     1. 㥬 ࠧ ࠭  ࠫ   -
饬 浪.
     2. 㥬 ᫥⥫쭮 ࠫ   뢠-
 ꥬ.
     3. ਬ塞   20 ( "७ ᮮ⭮-
襭  ᪮ ணࠬ஢")  ᪠ ᨬ쭮 
 饩 ᫥⥫쭮.

                           15.
       魮 ।,    ᨢ A 㯮-
冷祭    饬  浪  ( ⢥  㡫
⮢, ⮬ ᨢ A 㯮冷祭   饬,  
⮫쪮    뢠饬 浪).  ᫨   ⠪,   塞 
ணࠬ pp ஢.
     ᫨ ᢮⢮ (*) 믮  ⢠ B,    -
      稭 ⮢ B.  ⭮,
  믮 (*)   ᨬ ⮢ B ᫥ -
 (*)   B.   㤥   B  浪    -
⠭    A  ஢   ᨬ 믮-
 (*).
     ணࠬ  Pascal 㤥 룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

   const m=20; { ᨬ ࠧ ᨢ A}
   var  A:array[1..m] of word; { ᠭ  ᨢ A}
      n,s,s3,k,:word; { s -- 㬬  1-  i- ⮢
                          ᨢ A
                     s3 - 㬬 a(i+1)+a(i+2)+a(i+3)
                     n - ࠧ୮ ᨢ A
                     k -  ⠪  ᨢ A, 
                      a(1), ... ,a(k) 믮 ᢮⢮ (*)}
   begin
       readln(n);
       for i:=1 to n do readln(a[i]);
       k:=0;
       for i:=1 to n-3 do
        begin
          s:=s+a[i];
          s3:=a[i+1]+a[i+2]+a[i+3];
          if s3<=s then k:=i+3;
        end;
       if k=0 then writeln('襭 ')
       else for i:=1 to k do write(a[i]);
   end.

                             16.
     )    ६ MaxEndingHere ࠭ 㬬 ⮢
ᨬ쭮 ,  稢饣  樨 i-1.  -
, ⮡ MaxEdingHere 砫 ࠭ 㬬 ⮢ ᨬ쭮-
 ,  稢饣  樨 i,  室 믮
᫥  ᢠ:
     MaxEndingHere:=max(MaxEndingHere+A[i],A[i]);
  ⮣, ⮡  ᨬ 㬬 MaxSoFar ⮢ -
, ⨢襣  樨 i,  믮 
     MaxSoFar:=Max(MaxSoFar, MaxEndingHere).

     ணࠬ:
        MaxSoFar:=A[1];
     MaxEndingHere:=A[1];
     for i:=2 to K do begin
       MaxEndingHere:=max(MaxEndingHere+A[i],A[i]);
       MaxSoFar:=max(MaxSoFar, MaxEndingHere);
     end.

     b)  ᪠ 쭮 㬬   ᭠砫 㬭 
 ᨢ A  -1,  ⥬ ᪠,    㭪 , -
 㬬.

     c)   ᨢ C[0..k] ⠪,   C[i]=A[1]+ ... +A[i],
C[0]=0. ⨬, 
                       S(M,N)=C[N]-C[M-1].
     㬬 S(M,N) ⮢  A[M]+ ...  +A[N]  ࠢ  ,
᫨  C[M-1]=C[N].  室   ⮣ ᮮࠦ 쬥 ᨢ C,
㥬 ,  ⥬     ࠧ 
ᥤ ⮢ ஢ ᨢ (..    -
 ⫨  ᨢ C).  ࠧ  ࠧ  -
     祭 㬬 S(M,N).

     d)    ।饬 㭪 ନ㥬 ᨢ C,  ⥬  
㥬.         ⮬ ᨢ   C[i] 
C[j],  祭 ࠧ     P.  ᨢ
C 㯮冷祭  뢠,  i  j -  ⥪ ᬠਢ-
 ⮢ ᨢ C.

     i:=1; j:=1;
     MinSoFar:=abs(C[2]-C[1]-P); { 饥 祭  -
                                        ࠧ }
     while (i<=k) and (j<=k) do begin
       if C[j]-C[i]>P
       then i:=i+1;  { 㢥稢 ⠥ }
       else j:=j+1;  { 㢥稢 㬥蠥 }
       if i<>j  { ᫨        ᨢ C }
       then MinSoFar:=min(MinSoFar, abs(C[j]-C[i]-P));
     end;

      ਬ  㭪⠬ )-d) ⮤ 襭  
-- .    12       
.

                             17.
     ⨬,  ᫨   㬬 S[i]=X[i]+ ...  +X[i+M],  
  ᫨ S[i+1]  ᫥饩 祢 㫥
     S[i+1]=S[i]+X[i+M+1]-X[i],
  室   横  ᫥ S[i+1].

                             18.
        ᨢ C  ᭠砫  ᨢ A,  ⥬
ᨢ B,  ⥬ ਬ   ஢.     ⮬
砥   ᯮ㥬 ⮣,   A  B 㦥 ஢.  㤥
ᬠਢ  ᨢ A  B 稭  A[1]  B[1]. ᫨,
ਬ, A[1]>B[1],  C[1]:=B[1],   ᫥饬 蠣 ࠢ
㦥 A[1]  B[2],  訩    祩 C[2]  ..
      ⬠  몥 ᪠:
     {  ᨢ A  B }
     Ai:=1; Bi:=1; Ci:=1; { ⥪騥   ᨢ A,B,C }
     while Ci<=N+M do begin
       if A[Ai]>B[Bi]
       then begin C[Ci]:=B[Bi];
                  Bi:=Bi+1
            end
       else begin
              C[Ci]:=A[Ai];
              Ai:=Ai+1;
            end
       Ci:=Ci+1;
       { ஢ઠ 砭   ᨢ }
       if Ai>N then for i:=Bi to M do begin C[Ci]:=B[Bi];
                                            Bi:=Bi+1; Ci:=Ci+1;
                                      end;
       if Bi>N then for i:=Ai to N do begin C[Ci]:=A[Ai];
                                            Ai:=Ai+1; Ci:=Ci+1;
                                      end;
     end; { while }

                             19.
      A -  k  ⮢ ᨢ X,   B -  ᫥
N-K.   室   AB   BA.   
 ணࠬ REVERRSE(I,j),  ॢ ( -
  ⮢  )  ᨢ x  ᠬ  i  j.
                                                   r
砢  ᨢ AB ॢ㥬  A, 砥 (A )B; ॢ-
                  r   r
 B,  砥 (A )(B );  ॢ㥬  ᨢ,  砥
   r   r  r
((A )(B )) =BA.
     த㥬 ᠭ   ਬ.   X 
᫥⥫쭮 1,2,3,4,5, k=3:
     REVERSE(1,K);   {3,2,1,4,5}
     REVERSE(K+1,N); {3,2,1,5,4}
     REVERSE(1,K);   {4,5,1,2,3}

                             20.
      ᫠ a[1],  ..., a[n] ᯮ  浪 뢠
(᫨   ⠪,    㥬 ᨢ). 㤥 믨뢠
᪮  v[1], ..., ᫥騬 ࠧ:
      k --  ନ㥬 ᥩ .
      ᭠砫  i ࢮ  ନ㥬 ᥩ
 v[k] ࠢ 1,   ண  j=N.
  k:=0;
   (i<j)  {      }
    k:=k+1;
    v[k]:=(a[i],a[j]);
     i:=i+1; j:=j-1; { 室  ᫥騬 ⠬}
    ᫨ v[k]=(a[i],a[j])
       ⢮ ⠢  ᨢ A ⮢ ࠢ
         [i-1], ࠢ a[i-1],  u, ..
                      a[i]=a[i+1]=...=a[i+u],
         ⢮ ⠢  ᨢ A ⮢ ᫥
         [j+1], ࠢ a[j+1],  v, ..
                      a[j]=a[j-1]=...=a[j-v].
        ᫨ u>=v
        , ⠪   ६  ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ,
              ᨬ  ⠢訥   祭
            a[j]   j:=j-v-1
          筮 稭 ᨬ  ⠢訥 -
                祭 a[i], ..  i:=i+u+1;
        _᫨
     _᫨
  _

